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IPM extension workers learn bait trapping techniques |
"A major impact of the IPM CRSP was the effect of institutionalizing the methods of socio-economic research and the participatory approach in IPM technology development and transfer at PhilRice."
-Dr. Santiago Obien, founder and director of PhilRice
Since 1993, the Philippines has been one of the host countries of the Virginia Tech-managed IPM CRSP. During phases I and II, from 1993 to 2003, the emphasis was on capacity building and institutionalization. In the current phase, in place since 2004, Dr. Michael Hammig of Clemson University has headed up a regional program in the Philippines and Indonesia. The emphasis of the CRSP during this phase has been elevated to the regionalization and globalization of IPM technologies. Some of the IPM technologies developed in the Philippines have already been transferred to other countries within Asia, including Indonesia, Bangladesh and Nepal, as well as to East and West Africa.
In the Philippines, PhilRice has been the lead partner of the IPM CRSP in the first two phases; in the third phase, it expanded to include the University of the Philippines-Los Baños and the International Rice Research Institute. The research focus in the Philippines has been on IPM for onion, eggplant, tomato and strawberry.
Some of the achievements of the IPM CRSP in the Philippines are highlighted below.
1. Institutionalization of Rice-Vegetable Cropping Systems Research and Technology
Innovative Activities:
- Village level integration of IPM technologies in rice-onion systems at Nueva Ecija and Nueva Vizcaya.
Results:
- The biggest result has been the institutionalization of IPM practices in the provinces of Nueva Ecija and Nueva Vizcaya.
2. IPM for Onion
Innovative Activities:
- No spraying for the first 20 days after planting
- Use of pheromone as a tool for the timing of interventions for cutworm and armyworm
- Use of nuclear polyhedrosis virus for cutworms.
- Use of yellow board sticky traps for leafminer (a destructive insect)
- Use of blue board sticky traps for thrips
- Use of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus in the seedbed against soil-borne pathogens and as a soil amendment (fertilizer)
- Dipping seedling roots in the Trichoderma fungus to prevent against soil-borne pathogens
- Selection of eggplants resistant to the pink root and anthrocnose diseases of onion
- Use of the stale-seedbed technique for control of weeds
Results:
- Farmers now produce VAM and Trichoderma. It is popular in the Northern Philippines
- Farmers believe these two technologies reduce pesticide use and increase crop yield.
- IPM adoption has helped to increase yield averages from 10 t/ha to 20 t/ha.
- Pesticide reduction due to the use of IPM technology: thrips (50%), cutworms (50%), pink root disease (25%), and weeds (65%).
- Environmental benefits of the IPM: $150,000 per year to 4,600 residents in 6 villages.
- A yield increase of 29 – 45% in onion fields where IPM practices were used.
3. IPM for Eggplant
Innovative Activities:
- Use of pheromone traps as a tool for timing interventions for eggplant shoot and fruit borer
- Use of pheromone traps as a tool for timing interventions for cutworms
- Selection of varieties Abar, Mara, Eg-203 and 95-56 (eggplant) resistant to bacterial wilt disease
- Selection of varieties A-300, abar and EG-203 (eggplant) resistant to leafhopper
- Grafting on EG-203 rootstock (eggplant) in areas where bacterial wilt is a problem
Results:
- Increased consumption of 90 calories per person per day in the communities where IPM techniques were adopted.
4. IPM for Tomato
Innovative Activities:
- Use of reflective polyethylene mulches to reduce the incidence of whiteflies
- Use of pheromone traps as a tool for timing interventions for tomato fruitworm
- Grafting high yielding tomato scions on bacterial wilt resistant eggplant rootstock
Results:
- Increase in yield and production of tomatoes even in bacterial wilt-infested areas
5. IPM for Strawberry
Innovative Activities:
- Spider mites have been identified as a major problem.
- A local predatory mite, Amblyseius longispinosus, is being mass reared and released for control of spider mites
- A provincial agriculturist’s greenhouse in La Trinidad is being used for mass multiplication of the predatory mite.
Results:
- Release of the predatory mite has reduced the use of pesticides.
6. Training Manuals and Technical Bulletins
- Integrated Pest Management in Rice-Vegetable Cropping Systems
- Field Guide on Major Insect Pests of Onion and their Management
- Field Guide on Major Diseases of Onion and their Management
- Technology Bulletin on Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer and Leaf hopper Management
- Technology Bulletin on Rootknot Nematode and its Management
- Technology Bulletin on the Pink Root Disease of Onion
- Technology Bulletin on VAM, its Use and Mass Production
- Technology Bulletin on Trichoderma sp. its Use and Mass Production
7. Graduate students from the Philippines supported by IPM CRSP from 1998 – present
A total of four Ph.Ds and four Master’s degree students have completed their degrees under support from the IPM CRSP program.
Past
|
L. Cuyno |
PhD |
Agricultural Economics |
Virginia Tech |
|
M.Casimero |
PhD |
Weed Science |
UPLB |
|
Jean Recta |
PhD |
Statistics |
Penn State |
|
Irene Tanzo |
PhD |
Social Science |
Penn State |
|
R. Suiza |
MS |
Entomology |
AVRDC |
|
Cezar Mamaril |
MS |
Agricultural Economics |
Virginia Tech |
|
Edwin Martin |
MS |
Weed Science |
UPLB/Virginia Tech |
|
Melanie Victoria |
MS |
Agricultural Economics |
Virginia Tech |
Current
|
Vida Alpuerto |
MS |
Agricultural Economics |
Virginia Tech |
|
Myra C. Ferrer |
PhD |
Applied Economics |
Clemson University |
8. Short-term training
Several thousand farmers were trained in the adoption of IPM technologies through training courses, farmer field schools, and mass media over the past 10 years.
9. Regionalization
IPM technologies developed in the Philippines have been transferred to Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Nepal.
